Detachment of the RNA degradosome from the inner membrane of Escherichia coli results in a global slowdown of mRNA degradation, proteolysis of RNase E and increased turnover of ribosome-free transcripts

Abstract

The reason for RNase E attachment to the inner membrane is largely unknown. To understand the cell biology of RNA degradation, we have characterized a strain expressing RNase E lacking the membrane attachment site (cytoplasmic RNase E). Genome-wide data show a global slowdown in mRNA degradation. There is no correlation between mRNA stabilization and the function or cellular location of encoded proteins. The activity of cRNase E is comparable to the wild-type enzyme in vitro, but the mutant protein is unstable in vivo. Autoregulation of cRNase E synthesis compensates for protein instability. cRNase E associates with other proteins to assemble a cytoplasmic RNA degradosome. CsrB/C sRNAs, whose stability is regulated by membrane-associated CsrD, are stabilized. Membrane attachment of RNase E is thus necessary for CsrB/C turnover. In contrast to mRNA stability, ribosome-free transcripts are sensitive to inactivation by cRNase E. Our results show that effects on RNA degradation are not due to the differences in the activity or level of cRNase E, or failure to assemble the RNA degradosome. We propose that membrane attachment is necessary for RNase E stability, functional interactions with membrane-associated regulatory factors and protection of ribosome-free transcripts from premature interactions with RNase E in the nucleoid.