Background: Bariatric surgery involves the risk of postoperative infectious complications, in particular, anastomotic leaks and intra-abdominal abscesses. C-reactive protein (CRP) is a nonspecific marker of inflammation which has gained attention as a test to predict postoperative infectious complications. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the diagnostic value of CRP to detect postoperative infectious complications after bariatric surgery.
Methods: Search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and PubMed databases were performed. Articles measuring serum CRP postoperatively in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery were included. Main outcomes included diagnostic value of postoperative serum CRP (area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV)). Diagnostic accuracy of included studies was assessed using QUADAS-2.
Results: Six studies including 2770 patients met the inclusion criteria. The derived CRP cutoff values were 71.4 mg/dL, 130.3 mg/dL, and 118.7 mg/dL on postoperative days (PODs) 1, 3, and 5, respectively. Pooled AUC was similar across PODs 1, 3, and 5 with AUC being highest on POD 5 (0.88 ± 0.07). PPV was between 19 and 21%, and NPV was between 98 and 99%. CRP levels were significantly higher (P < .0001) in postoperative infectious complication group versus the no complication group on PODs 3 and 5.
Conclusions: High NPV and moderately high sensitivity on PODs 1, 3, and 5 may help predict patients who are at a low risk of infectious complication following bariatric surgery. High specificity on PODs 1 and 3 also indicates that it can be useful for early diagnosis of postoperative infectious complications.
Keywords: Anastomotic leak; Bariatric surgery; C-reactive; Postoperative infectious complication; Protein.