Development of PositiveLinks: A Mobile Phone App to Promote Linkage and Retention in Care for People With HIV

Colleen Laurence; Erin Wispelwey; Tabor E Flickinger; Marika Grabowski; Ava Lena Waldman; Erin Plews-Ogan; Claire Debolt; George Reynolds; Wendy Cohn; Karen Ingersoll; Rebecca Dillingham

doi:10.2196/11578

Development of PositiveLinks: A Mobile Phone App to Promote Linkage and Retention in Care for People With HIV

JMIR Form Res. 2019 Mar 20;3(1):e11578. doi: 10.2196/11578.

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medicine, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
² Health Decision Technologies, Oakland, CA, United States.
³ Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States.
⁴ Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, United States.

PMID: 30892269
PMCID: PMC6446157
DOI: 10.2196/11578

Abstract

Background: Linkage to and retention in HIV care are challenging, especially in the Southeastern United States. The rise in mobile phone app use and the potential for an app to deliver just in time messaging provides a new opportunity to improve linkage and retention among people living with HIV (PLWH).

Objective: This study aimed to develop an app to engage, link, and retain people in care. We evaluated the acceptability, feasibility, and impact of the app among users.

Methods: App development was informed by principles of chronic disease self-management and formative interviews with PLWH. Once developed, the app was distributed among participants, and usability feedback was incorporated in subsequent iterations. We interviewed app users after 3 weeks to identify usability issues, need for training on the phone or app, and to assess acceptability. We tracked and analyzed usage of app features for the cohort over 2 years.

Results: A total of 77 participants used the app during the pilot study. The query response rate for the first 2 years was 47.7%. Query response declined at a rate of 0.67% per month. The community message board was the most popular feature, and 77.9% (60/77) of users posted on the board at least once during the 2 years.

Conclusions: The PositiveLinks app was feasible and acceptable among nonurban PLWH. High participation on the community message board suggests that social support from peers is important for people recently diagnosed with or returning to care for HIV.

Keywords: HIV; mHealth; retention in care; treatment adherence and compliance.

©Colleen Laurence, Erin Wispelwey, Tabor E Flickinger, Marika Grabowski, Ava Lena Waldman, Erin Plews-Ogan, Claire Debolt, George Reynolds, Wendy Cohn, Karen Ingersoll, Rebecca Dillingham. Originally published in JMIR Formative Research (http://formative.jmir.org), 20.03.2019.