Background: In red sparkling winemaking it is essential to obtain base wines with moderate alcohol content, adequate mouthfeel and color intensity. The aim of this work was to study oenological techniques to obtain adequate base wines for production of red sparkling wine by traditional methods: pre-fermentative cold maceration with dry ice and délestage with premature grapes; and sugar reduction in must and partial dealcoholisation of wine with mature grapes. The effect on oenological parameters, e.g. phenolic content, foam and sensory characteristics, was studied in sparkling wines aged on the lees in bottles for 9 months followed by aging for12 months in bottles after disgorging.
Results: Pre-fermentative cold maceration was the only treatment that increased the content of anthocyanins in sparkling wines at both stages of aging. Sparkling wines elaborated using délestage showed the highest mean values of the degree of polymerization of proanthocyanidins. Sparkling wines from mature grapes were given higher valuation in the gustatory phase. Sparkling wines elaborated using pre-fermentative cold maceration were given the highest valuation for foam quality.
Conclusions: Pre-fermentative cold maceration is a viable alternative to common techniques for increasing the anthocyanin content in wines from premature grapes. It would therefore be a good option to obtain adequate base wines. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
Keywords: cold pre-fermentative maceration; délestage; nanofiltration; red sparkling wine; reverse osmosis.
© 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.