Association between bruxism and temporomandibular disorders in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Abstract

Background: Bruxism in children and its relation to the development of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) has not been clearly determined yet.

Aim: The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate the possible association between bruxism and TMD in children.

Design: Seven databases were searched, and 497 articles were assessed. Methodological quality was assessed through Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The meta-analysis was performed with the articles in which extraction of data was possible and the summary effect measure through odds ratio (OR) and respective 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the certainty of evidence.

Results: Ten cross-sectional studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, 8 showed a statistically significant association between bruxism and TMD. Seven studies however presented a high risk of bias. The meta-analysis was performed with 3 articles and obtained an OR of 2.97 (95% CI ranging from 1.72-5.15), indicating that children with bruxism are 2.97 times more likely to present TMD, with very low level of certainty defined by GRADE.

Conclusions: Although the studies showed high risk of bias, the qualitative analysis of individual studies showed that the children with bruxism have greater chance of developing TMD.

Keywords: bruxism; child; temporomandibular disorders.