Poly(ionic liquid) embedded particles as efficient solid phase microextraction phases of polar and aromatic analytes

David J S Patinha; Pothanagandhi Nellepalli; Kari Vijayakrishna; Armando J D Silvestre; Isabel M Marrucho

doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.106

Poly(ionic liquid) embedded particles as efficient solid phase microextraction phases of polar and aromatic analytes

Talanta. 2019 Jun 1:198:193-199. doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.106. Epub 2019 Feb 1.

Authors

David J S Patinha¹, Pothanagandhi Nellepalli², Kari Vijayakrishna³, Armando J D Silvestre⁴, Isabel M Marrucho⁵

Affiliations

¹ Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
² Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
³ Department of Chemistry, School of Advanced Sciences, VIT University, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India; School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar, Argul, Khurda 752050, Odisha, India.
⁴ CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials and Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
⁵ Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. Da República, 2780-157, Oeiras, Portugal; Centro de Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Avenida Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal. Electronic address: isabel.marrucho@tecnico.ulisboa.pt.

PMID: 30876549
DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.01.106

Abstract

In this work, a facile preparation of SPME fibers with increased surface area is presented. The SPME fibers were prepared by grinding poly(ionic liquids) (PILs) to obtain particles of 1-16 µm and, with the aid of a silicon adhesive, attach these particles to a steel wire support. Three different PILs, poly(1-vinyl-3-benzylimidazolium-co-styrene bromide) [poly(ViBnIm-co-Sty Br)], poly(1-vinyl-3-benzylimidazolium-co-styrene bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) [poly(ViBnIm-co-Sty TFSI)] and poly(diallyldimethylamine bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide) [poly(Pyrr₁₁ TFSI)], were used. The first two PILs were obtained by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization followed by metathesis reactions. The thicknesses of the prepared fibers were found to be 19 ± 4 µm and 85% of the particles used have diameters between 2 and 10 µm. The prepared fibers were tested by performing the headspace extraction of two standard solutions, one containing a mixture of alcohols with different chain lengths, and the other a mixture of aromatic compounds, leading to sorption times of 10 - 15 min due the large surface area attained with this method. PILs with aromatic moieties containing the bromide anion showed high selectivity towards polar compounds, due to the hydrogen basicity of the anion, and also towards aromatic analytes, due to the aromatic nature of styrene moieties and the cation pendant groups. The limits of detection fall in the sub ppb level, while relative standard deviations and reproducibility from fiber-to-fiber found maximums of 16.2% and 22.5%, respectively. Furthermore, the PIL based fibers showed up to 90% higher extraction efficiencies compared to the commercial fibers of polydimethylsiloxane and polyacrylate.

Keywords: Alcohols; BTEX; Gas chromatography; Increased Surface Area; Poly(ionic liquids); Solid phase microextraction.