Development of cost effective and efficient electrocatalysts is crucial to generate H2 as an alternative source of energy. However, expensive noble metal based electrocatalysts show best electrocatalytic performances which acts as main bottle-neck for commercial application. Therefore, non-precious electrocatalysts have become important for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions. Herein, we report the synthesis of high surface area (35 m2/g) sodium niobate nanoparticles by citrate precursor method. These nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques like X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Electrocatalytic properties of cost-effective sodium niobate nanoparticles were investigated for HER and OER in 0.5 M KOH electrolyte using Ag/AgCl as reference electrode. The sodium niobate electrode showed significant current density for both OER (≈2.7 mA/cm2) and HER (≈0.7 mA/cm2) with onset potential of 0.9 V for OER and 0.6 V for HER. As-prepared sodium niobate nanoparticles show enhanced photocatalytic property (86% removal) towards the degradation of rose Bengal dye. Dielectric behaviour at different sintering temperatures was explained by Koop's theory and Maxwell-Wagner mechanism. The dielectric constants of 41 and 38.5 and the dielectric losses of 0.04 and 0.025 were observed for the samples sintered at 500 °C and 700 °C, respectively at 500 kHz. Conductivity of the samples was understood by using power law fit.