Background: Septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) may be a frequently undetected complication of central venous catheter (CVC)-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs).
Materials and methods: The incidence of SPE was evaluated in a cohort of non-oncological patients on home parenteral nutrition (HPN) who were hospitalized for a CRBSI from January 2013 to December 2017. The main clinical, microbiological, and radiological features and the therapeutic approach were also described.
Results: Twenty-three infections over 51,563 days of HPN therapy were observed, corresponding to an infection rate of 0.45/1000. In 10 out of the 23 cases (43.5%), pulmonary lesions compatible with SPE were identified.
Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that a CRBSI can produce asymptomatic SPE with lung infiltrates in 43.5% of the cases, suggesting the need to check for secondary lung infections to choose the most appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Keywords: central venous catheter related bloodstream infection; home parenteral nutrition; parenteral nutrition; septic pulmonary embolism.