Epidemiological studies have shown a clear correlation between migraine and vascular disease in more and more patients. Pathophysiological studies show the relevance of the hypothalamus in the generation of migraine attacks. Glutamate seems to play an important role here. New contrast-enhanced MRI studies support the assumption that the blood-brain barrier remains intact during migraine attacks. The selection of a triptan still remains unique. Neurostimulation has also been included in the acute treatment of migraine. Monoclonal humanized antibodies against CGRP (calcitonin gene-related peptides) and a fully human antibody against the CGRP receptor are effective in the prophylaxis of both episodic and chronic migraine. Tricyclic antidepressants showed efficacy in tension-type headache and is superior compared to SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors). Electronic diaries can reduce the risk of relapse after a medication break in the event of overuse of headache medication. In patients with episodic cluster headache, successful transient therapy with transcutaneous stimulation of the vagus nerve may be required. In trigeminal neuralgia, a significant comorbidity with depression and anxiety disorders was found.
Die Kopfschmerzforschung macht Fortschritte. Dies zeigt sich an der großen Zahl von Publikationen zur Epidemiologie, Pathophysiologie, Akuttherapie und Prophylaxe von Kopfschmerzen. Die vorliegende Übersicht referiert die wichtigsten Studien zu Kopfschmerzen aus dem Zeitraum 2017 bis Juni 2018. Die Auswahl der referierten Studien ist subjektiv und erfolgte nach der Einschätzung der Autoren.
© Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.