Paracellular calcium transport in the proximal tubule and the formation of kidney stones

Am J Physiol Renal Physiol. 2019 May 1;316(5):F966-F969. doi: 10.1152/ajprenal.00519.2018. Epub 2019 Mar 6.

Abstract

The proximal tubule (PT) is responsible for the majority of calcium reabsorption by the kidney. Most PT calcium transport appears to be passive, although the molecular facilitators have not been well established. Emerging evidence supports a major role for PT calcium transport in idiopathic hypercalciuria and the development of kidney stones. This review will cover recent developments in our understanding of PT calcium transport and the role of the PT in kidney stone formation.

Keywords: calcium; hypercalciuria; kidney stones; nephrocalcinosis; proximal tubule.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Calcium / metabolism*
  • Claudins / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Hypercalciuria / complications*
  • Hypercalciuria / metabolism
  • Hypercalciuria / physiopathology
  • Ion Transport
  • Kidney Calculi / etiology*
  • Kidney Calculi / metabolism
  • Kidney Calculi / physiopathology
  • Kidney Tubules, Proximal / metabolism*
  • Kidney Tubules, Proximal / physiopathology
  • Membrane Transport Proteins / metabolism*
  • Nephrocalcinosis / etiology*
  • Nephrocalcinosis / metabolism
  • Nephrocalcinosis / physiopathology
  • Renal Reabsorption*

Substances

  • CLDN2 protein, human
  • Claudins
  • Membrane Transport Proteins
  • Calcium