Barrett's esophagus (BE) is characterized by a change in the mucosal lining of the distal esophagus whereby the squamous epithelium of the esophagus is replaced by the metaplastic columnar epithelium. It is a pre-malignant lesion associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease who have additional risk factors (Caucasian race, male gender, age > 50 years, tobacco use, and central obesity) should undergo an esophagogastroduodenoscopy to screen for Barrett's esophagus. Patients with Barrett's esophagus should undergo endoscopic surveillance every 3-5 years if no dysplasia is found. Patients with Barrett's esophagus who are found to have dysplasia should be treated endoscopically. We present a comprehensive review of the pathophysiology, diagnosis, surveillance and management of Barrett's esophagus.
Keywords: Barrett's esophagus; Dysplasia; Esophageal adenocarcinoma; Intestinal metaplasia.
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