The possible mechanism of the formation of silver nanoparticles by Penicillium cyclopium

Abstract

This contribution describes the biomineralization of silver nanoparticles by the microbial reduction of Ag (I) ions using the mycelium and the cell-free extract of Penicillium cyclopium. Different techniques, such as UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, FT-IR and GPC were used to characterize the obtained nanoparticles and understand the mechanism of their biosynthesis. The SEM and TEM images demonstrated the presence of silver nanoparticles on the mycelia surface suggesting that these particles are synthesized on the fungal cell wall. FT-IR analysis of the mycelium revealed two main types of compounds (saccharides and proteins) and these molecules might be involved in the formation of silver nanoparticles on the surface of mycelium. Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy and TEM analysis confirmed the formation of silver nanoparticles with different shapes by the cell-free extract of P. cyclopium. Their size ranges from 12 to 25 nm and possess an average size of 16 ± 6 nm. GPC analysis of this filtrate revealed a few peaks responsible for polysaccharides and proteins presence. The only protein fraction with the mass approximately to 5000 Da indicated the formation of silver nanoparticles. Polypeptide(s) as the major molecules involved in biomineralization of silver by the cell-free extract of P. cyclopium are suggested. Enzymatic synthesis of silver nanoparticles by the mycelium and the cell-free extract of P. cyclopium is excluded.

Keywords: Biosynthesis; Fungi; Mechanism; Penicillium; Silver nanoparticles.