Activated Protein C in Cutaneous Wound Healing: From Bench to Bedside

Ruilong Zhao; Haiyan Lin; Lara Bereza-Malcolm; Elizabeth Clarke; Christopher John Jackson; Meilang Xue

doi:10.3390/ijms20040903

Activated Protein C in Cutaneous Wound Healing: From Bench to Bedside

Int J Mol Sci. 2019 Feb 19;20(4):903. doi: 10.3390/ijms20040903.

Authors

Ruilong Zhao¹, Haiyan Lin², Lara Bereza-Malcolm³, Elizabeth Clarke⁴, Christopher John Jackson⁵, Meilang Xue⁶

Affiliations

¹ Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia. rzha9073@uni.sydney.edu.au.
² Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia. haiyan.lin@sydney.edu.au.
³ Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia. lara.bereza-malcolm@sydney.edu.au.
⁴ Murray Maxwell Biomechanics Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia. elizabeth.clarke@sydney.edu.au.
⁵ Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia. chris.jackson@sydney.edu.au.
⁶ Sutton Arthritis Research Laboratory, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Sydney Medical School, Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2065, Australia. meilang.xue@sydney.edu.au.

Abstract

Independent of its well-known anticoagulation effects, activated protein C (APC) exhibits pleiotropic cytoprotective properties. These include anti-inflammatory actions, anti-apoptosis, and endothelial and epithelial barrier stabilisation. Such beneficial effects have made APC an attractive target of research in a plethora of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Of note, the past decade or so has seen the emergence of its roles in cutaneous wound healing-a complex process involving inflammation, proliferation and remodelling. This review will highlight APC's functions and mechanisms, and detail its pre-clinical and clinical studies on cutaneous wound healing.

Keywords: activated protein C; animal models; cell culture; clinical trials; cytoprotection; wound healing.

Publication types

Review

MeSH terms

Animals
Biomarkers
Clinical Trials as Topic
Disease Models, Animal
Genetic Engineering
Humans
Protein C / administration & dosage
Protein C / metabolism*
Protein C / pharmacology
Recombinant Proteins / administration & dosage
Recombinant Proteins / metabolism
Recombinant Proteins / pharmacology
Signal Transduction
Skin / drug effects
Skin / metabolism*
Skin / pathology*
Skin Ulcer / drug therapy
Skin Ulcer / etiology
Skin Ulcer / metabolism
Skin Ulcer / pathology
Translational Research, Biomedical
Wound Healing* / drug effects

Substances

Biomarkers
Protein C
Recombinant Proteins