We performed a cross-border molecular epidemiology analysis of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Peru, Spain, and Italy. This analysis revealed frequent transmission in Peru and exportation of a strain that recreated similar levels of transmission in Europe during 2007-2017. Transnational efforts are needed to control transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis globally.
Keywords: Europe; Florence; Italy; Lima; MDR; MIRU-VNTR; Madrid; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Peru; Spain; antimicrobial resistance; bacteria; exportation; migration; molecular epidemiology; mycobacterium; single-nucleotide polymorphism; spoligotype; transmission; tuberculosis; tuberculosis and other mycobacteria.