Persistent Na+ influx drives L-type channel resting Ca2+ entry in rat melanotrophs

Abstract

Rat melanotrophs express several types of voltage-gated and ligand-gated calcium channels, although mechanisms involved in the maintenance of the resting intracellular Ca²⁺ concentration ([Ca²⁺]_i) remain unknown. We analyzed mechanisms regulating resting [Ca²⁺]_i in dissociated rat melanotrophs by Ca²⁺-imaging and patch-clamp techniques. Treatment with antagonists of L-type, but not N- or P/Q-type voltage-gated Ca²⁺ channels (VGCCs) as well as removal of extracellular Ca²⁺ resulted in a rapid and reversible decrease in [Ca²⁺]_i, indicating constitutive Ca²⁺ influx through L-type VGCCs. Reduction of extracellular Na⁺ concentration (replacement with NMDG⁺) similarly decreased resting [Ca²⁺]_i. When cells were champed at -80 mV, decrease in the extracellular Na⁺ resulted in a positive shift of the holding current. In cell-attached voltage-clamp and whole-cell current-clamp configurations, the reduction of extracellular Na⁺ caused hyperpolarisation. The holding current shifted in negative direction when extracellular K⁺ concentration was increased from 5 mM to 50 mM in the presence of K⁺ channel blockers, Ba²⁺ and TEA, indicating cation nature of persistent conductance. RT-PCR analyses of pars intermedia tissues detected mRNAs of TRPV1, TRPV4, TRPC6, and TRPM3-5. The TRPV channel blocker, ruthenium red, shifted the holding current in positive direction, and significantly decreased the resting [Ca²⁺]_i. These results indicate operation of a constitutive cation conductance sensitive to ruthenium red, which regulates resting membrane potential and [Ca²⁺]_i in rat melanotrophs.

Keywords: Ca(2+) homeostasis; Cation conductance; Patch-clamp, Ca(2+) imaging, ruthenium red; Rat melanotrophs; Voltage-gated calcium channels.