Two natural compounds (quercetin and curcumin) were tested as sensitizing or protecting agents for Navel Orangeworm (NOW) larvae under x-ray sterilization, with the aim to reduce required doses and thus facilitate the substitution of x-ray for radioisotopes. The compounds were added to NOW diet at concentrations between 0 and 1.0 mmol kg-1 and subsequent reared male larvae were subjected to x-ray irradiation (90 keV, 9 mA) to doses up to 15 Gy. Upon emergence as adults, surviving male NOW were paired with colony virgin females and placed in isolation for observation of deformity, mortality, and fertility. Treatments included rearing larvae on infused diet before irradiation, after irradiation, and both. Results were tabulated as percentage of insects that were dead/deformed, infertile, or fertile and subjected to chi-squared analysis. While insect populations subjected to quercetin treatments were not found to be significantly different from control at any x-ray dose, all curcumin treatments yielded significant differences at an absorbed dose of 10 Gy, both in terms of decreased mortality and fertility. While none of the treatments resulted in acceptable mortality/deformity rates, the observed effects strongly support the need for continued testing of natural compounds for their efficacy to reduce required dose levels for sterilization.