Psychiatric illnesses are cognitive and behavioral disorders of the brain. At present, psychiatric diagnosis is based on DSM-5 criteria. Even if endophenotype specificity for psychiatric disorders is discussed, it is difficult to study and identify psychiatric biomarkers to support diagnosis, prognosis, or clinical response to treatment. This chapter investigates the innovative biomarkers of psychiatric diseases for diagnosis and personalized treatment, in particular post-genomic data and proteomic analyses.
Keywords: Biomarker; Bipolar disorder; Depressive disorder; Epigenetics; Lifestyle; Microbiota; Post-genomic diagnostics; Proteomics; Psychiatric disease; Schizophrenia.