Cell geometry determines symmetric and asymmetric division plane selection in Arabidopsis early embryos

PLoS Comput Biol. 2019 Feb 11;15(2):e1006771. doi: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006771. eCollection 2019 Feb.

Abstract

Plant tissue architecture and organ morphogenesis rely on the proper orientation of cell divisions. Previous attempts to predict division planes from cell geometry in plants mostly focused on 2D symmetric divisions. Using the stereotyped division patterns of Arabidopsis thaliana early embryogenesis, we investigated geometrical principles underlying plane selection in symmetric and in asymmetric divisions within complex 3D cell shapes. Introducing a 3D computational model of cell division, we show that area minimization constrained on passing through the cell centroid predicts observed divisions. Our results suggest that the positioning of division planes ensues from cell geometry and gives rise to spatially organized cell types with stereotyped shapes, thus underlining the role of self-organization in the developing architecture of the embryo. Our data further suggested the rule could be interpreted as surface minimization constrained by the nucleus position, which was validated using live imaging of cell divisions in the stomatal cell lineage.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Arabidopsis / embryology*
  • Arabidopsis / metabolism
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism
  • Cell Division / physiology*
  • Cell Lineage
  • Cell Nucleus / metabolism
  • Cell Shape / physiology*
  • Computer Simulation
  • Models, Statistical

Substances

  • Arabidopsis Proteins

Grants and funding

This work has benefited from a French State grant (ANR-10-LABX-0040-SPS) managed by the French National Research Agency under the Investments for the Future program (ANR-11-IDEX-0003-02). AU was funded by an INRA fellowship. JM was funded by the Saclay Plant Sciences LabEx. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.