Thermally Induced trans-to-cis Isomerization and Its Photoinduced Reversal Monitored using Absorption and Luminescence: Cooperative Effect of Metal Coordination and Steric Substituent

Abstract

For ethene derivatives with large groups the cis-isomer is often quite unstable and unavailable. Herein, we report an exception of two stable coordination complexes, (cis-L)ZnCl₂ , starting from trans-1,2-bis(1-R-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)ethene (R=H, L1; R=CH₃ , L2) ligands under solvothermal condition (T ≥140 °C). Using the intensity of the absorption and luminescence spectra as probes we proposed its progressive cis-to-trans reversal upon irradiation with UV light, which was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD). Similar results observed in the series of (cis-L2)M^II Cl₂ [M=Fe (4), Co (5), Ni (6)] demonstrate the universal strategy. The results of PXRD, NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS and DFT calculations support the above conclusion. NMR spectroscopy indicates that irradiation of 1 converts an optimized 71 % of the cis-isomer to trans, whereas the free trans-L1 ligand transforms to only 15 % cis-isomer under similar conditions.

Keywords: coordination chemistry; isomerization; metal coordination; steric substituent; trans/cis conversion.