Applicability of the Protein-lipid Profile and Activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes for Diagnosing Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy in Calves

Katarzyna Żarczyńska; Przemysław Sobiech; Anna Snarska; Dawid Tobolski; Chandra Shekhar Pareek; Dariusz Bednarek

doi:10.2478/jvetres-2018-0072

Applicability of the Protein-lipid Profile and Activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes for Diagnosing Nutritional Muscular Dystrophy in Calves

J Vet Res. 2018 Dec 31;62(4):503-509. doi: 10.2478/jvetres-2018-0072. eCollection 2018 Dec.

Authors

Katarzyna Żarczyńska¹, Przemysław Sobiech¹, Anna Snarska¹, Dawid Tobolski², Chandra Shekhar Pareek³, Dariusz Bednarek⁴

Affiliations

¹ Department and Clinic of Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
² Department of Animal Reproduction with Clinic, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Warmia and Mazury, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland.
³ Division of Functional Genomics in Biological and Biomedical Science, Interdisciplinary Centre of Modern Technology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Torun, Poland.
⁴ Department of Cattle and Sheep Diseases, National Veterinary Research Institute, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland.

Abstract

Introduction: In calves, hyposelenosis degenerates skeletal muscles in different parts of the body. The extent of damage to muscle cells can be diagnosed by determining the activity of creatine kinase (CK), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The aim of this study was to analyse variations in the serum levels of LDH isoenzymes in calves with nutritional muscular dystrophy (NMD), to determine the applicability of this parameter for diagnosing NMD, and to describe the influence of hyposelenosis on total protein (TP), triglyceride (TG), and cholesterol (CHOL) levels.

Material and methods: Two groups of calves (n = six animals per group) were used. After birth, control group calves (SC) were intramuscularly administered 10 ml of a preparation containing selenium (Se) and vitamin E, and experimental group animals (SE) that were not injected. Blood was collected after 5, 15, and 25 days, and the concentrations of Se, vitamin E, TP, TG, and CHOL and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), CK, and LDH fractions were determined.

Results: Hypocholesterolaemia and elevated TG levels were found in SE group calves whose LDH fractions revealed a significant increase in LDH₄ and LDH₅ activity and a decrease in LDH₁ activity when electrophoretically separated.

Conclusion: Nutritional muscular dystrophy is accompanied by hypocholesterolaemia and elevated TG levels caused by muscle lipolysis. LDH₄ and LDH₅ activity parameters assist early diagnosis of NMD in calves.

Keywords: calf; isoenzymes; nutritional muscular dystrophy; selenium.