1 National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK.
2 Universtiy of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada.
3 University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
4 University Teaching Hospital Adult Hospital, Lusaka, Zambia.
5 National Institute for Health Research Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TH, UK. Electronic address: a.a.bhangu@bham.ac.uk.