In vitro starch digestibility and fate of crocins in pasta enriched with saffron extract

Abstract

This work aims to study the effect of the addition of saffron extract on fresh pasta in-vitro digestibility. Fresh pasta was formulated with different concentrations of saffron extracts (0.2 and 0.4 %w/w), cooked at two different times (1.5 and 3 min), and in vitro digested (oral, gastric and intestinal stages). Oil was added to pasta before digestion to evaluate the presence of lipids on starch and crocin bioaccessibility. Saffron enrichment and oil addition slowed down the digestion of starch, thus, decreasing the glycemic index of pasta. Concentration of saffron and oil addition contributed to crocin release in the digestion fluids, with the opposite effect of cooking time. Isomerization from trans to cis was enhanced by both, cooking and oil addition. Bioaccessibility of total crocins varied from 2.9 ± 1.1, to 97 ± 3%. Finally, the trans:cis isomers distribution was only close to 50:50 in enriched-pasta cooked during 3 min or with oil addition.

Keywords: Crocetin digentiobiosyl ester (Pubchem CID: 44630212); Crocin I (Pubchem CID: 5281233); Crocin bioaccessibility; In vitro digestion; Oil; Pasta; Saffron; Safranal (Pubchem CID: 61041); Starch; trans-Crocetin (b-d-glucosyl)-(b-d-gentiobiosyl) ester (Pubchem CID: 9940690).