Let There Be Light: Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Using High Aspect Ratio Plant Viral Nanoparticles

Paul L Chariou; Lu Wang; Cian Desai; Jooneon Park; Leanna K Robbins; Horst A von Recum; Reza A Ghiladi; Nicole F Steinmetz

doi:10.1002/mabi.201800407

Let There Be Light: Targeted Photodynamic Therapy Using High Aspect Ratio Plant Viral Nanoparticles

Macromol Biosci. 2019 May;19(5):e1800407. doi: 10.1002/mabi.201800407. Epub 2019 Feb 5.

Authors

Paul L Chariou^{1

2}, Lu Wang^{1

2}, Cian Desai², Jooneon Park^{1

2}, Leanna K Robbins³, Horst A von Recum², Reza A Ghiladi³, Nicole F Steinmetz^{1

4

5

6

2}

Affiliations

¹ Department of BioEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA.
² Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
³ Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
⁴ Department of NanoEngineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA.
⁵ Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA.
⁶ Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92039, USA.

PMID: 30721575
DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800407

Abstract

The development of plant viral nanoparticles (VNP) loaded with different molecular versions of a photodynamic drug is described. Specifically, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) and tobacco mild green mosaic virus (TMGMV) are developed as drug carriers that encapsulate the monocationic, dicationic, tricationic, and tetracationic versions of a porphyrin-based photosensitizer drug (Zn-Por). While TMV has been extensively explored for various nanotechnology applications, this is the first study investigating TMGMV for medical applications. Light-activated cancer cell killing of Zn-Por-loaded VNPs is studied in vitro using melanoma and cervical cancer models. Native and nucleolin-targeted VNP drug carriers are developed and their efficacy assessed. A fivefold increase in cancer cell killing is observed using nucleolin-targeted TMV loaded with tricationic Zn-Por and displaying the nucleolin-specific F3 peptide.

Keywords: cancer phototherapy; nucleolin targeting; tobacco green mosaic virus; tobacco mosaic virus; zinc photosensitizer.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Animals
Cell Line, Tumor
Drug Carriers / chemistry
Drug Carriers / pharmacology
Melanoma, Experimental / drug therapy*
Melanoma, Experimental / metabolism
Melanoma, Experimental / pathology
Metalloporphyrins* / chemistry
Metalloporphyrins* / pharmacology
Mice
Nanoparticles* / chemistry
Nanoparticles* / therapeutic use
Photochemotherapy*
Tobacco Mosaic Virus / chemistry*

Substances

Drug Carriers
Metalloporphyrins
zinc hematoporphyrin

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Substances

Grants and funding