In 1912, with reference to the educational system of Japan, the Ministry of Education of the Republic of China issued the Regulation of Medical College, and established the first national medical institution of higher medical education, the Peking Medical Special College. Thereafter, public institutions of Medical Special School were also set up by some local government, such as Jiangsu and Zhejiang, etc. These public and national special medical schools and colleges were all established by the returned medical students studying in Japan, and they copied the model of Japanese medical education, including using the curricula of medical college of Japan, employing Japanese teachers, translating Japanese textbooks and buying Japanese experimental samples and apparatuses, all followed the Japanese models. In a manner of speaking, taking Japan as the template, educational system of western medicine was established in China in early Republic of China. In 1923, learning from that of the United States, a new educational medical system was set up, the medical education in China was further in line with the world.
1912年，民国政府教育部参照日本的学制颁布了《医学专门学校规程令》，并设立第一所国立高等医学教育机构北京医学专门学校，其后一些地方政府也设立公立医学教育机构，如江苏医学专门学校、浙江医学专门学校等。这些国立、公立医学专门学校均由留日归国医学生创办，他们照搬日本医学专门学校的课程表，聘请日本教师，翻译日本教材，购买日本试验标本仪器，基本移植了日本的医学教育模式。可以说，民国初年，中国以日本为模版，建立了西医学教育体系。1923年中国颁布新学制，向美国教育体制靠拢，中国的医学教育进一步与世界接轨。.
Keywords: Medical education; Medical exchange between China and Japan; Medical special school (college); Medical students learning in Japan.