Background: Participant recruitment can be a significant bottleneck in carrying out research studies. Connected health and mobile health platforms allow for the development of Web-based studies that can offer improvement in this domain. Sleep is of vital importance to the mental and physical health of all individuals, yet is understudied on a large scale or beyond the focus of sleep disorders. For this reason and owing to the availability of digital sleep tracking tools, sleep is well suited to being studied in a Web-based environment.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate a method for speeding up the recruitment process and maximizing participant engagement using a novel approach, the Achievement Studies platform (Evidation Health, Inc, San Mateo, CA, USA), while carrying out a study that examined the relationship between participant sleep and daytime function.
Methods: Participants could access the Web-based study platform at any time from any computer or Web-enabled device to complete study procedures and track study progress. Achievement community members were invited to the study and assessed for eligibility. Eligible participants completed an electronic informed consent process to enroll in the study and were subsequently invited to complete an electronic baseline questionnaire. Then, they were asked to connect a wearable device account through their study dashboard, which shared their device data with the research team. The data were used to provide objective sleep and activity metrics for the study. Participants who completed the baseline questionnaires were subsequently sent a daily single-item Sleepiness Checker activity for 7 consecutive days at baseline and every 3 months thereafter for 1 year.
Results: Overall, 1156 participants enrolled in the study within a 5-day recruitment window. In the 1st hour, the enrollment rate was 6.6 participants per minute (394 per hour). In the first 24 hours, the enrollment rate was 0.8 participants per minute (47 participants per hour). Overall, 1132 participants completed the baseline questionnaires (1132/1156, 97.9%) and 1047 participants completed the initial Sleepiness Checker activity (1047/1156, 90.6%). Furthermore, 1000 participants provided activity-specific wearable data (1000/1156, 86.5%) and 982 provided sleep-specific wearable data (982/1156, 84.9%).
Conclusions: The Achievement Studies platform allowed for rapid recruitment and high study engagement (survey completion and device data sharing). This approach to carrying out research appears promising. However, conducting research in this way requires that participants have internet access and own and use a wearable device. As such, our sample may not be representative of the general population.
Keywords: connected health; engagement; health; mHealth; mobile health; mobile phone; recruitment; sleep; sleep quality; wearables.
©Sean Deering, Madeline M Grade, Jaspreet K Uppal, Luca Foschini, Jessie L Juusola, Adam M Amdur, Carl J Stepnowsky. Originally published in JMIR Research Protocols (http://www.researchprotocols.org), 21.01.2019.