CRIF1-CDK2 Interface Inhibitors: An Unprecedented Strategy for Modulation of Cell Radiosensitivity

J Am Chem Soc. 2019 Jan 30;141(4):1420-1424. doi: 10.1021/jacs.8b10207. Epub 2019 Jan 17.

Abstract

Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are historic therapeutic targets implicated in tumorigenic events due to their critical involvement in the cell cycle phase. However, selectivity has proven to be a bottleneck, causing repeated failures. Previously, we reported CR6-interacting factor 1 (CRIF1), acting as a cell cycle negative regulator through interaction with CDK2. In the current report, we identified the CRIF1-CDK2 interaction interface by in silico studies and shortlisted interface inhibitors through virtual screening on CRIF1 using 40 678 drug-like compounds. These compounds were tested by cell proliferation assay, and four of these molecules were found to selectively inhibit the proliferation of osteosarcoma (OS) cell lines, but do not affect normal bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSC). A binding study reveals significant affinities of the inhibitors on CRIF1. More importantly, treatment of the OS cells with a combination of ionizing radiation (IR) and the best-performing inhibitors remarkably increased IR inhibition potential from 19.9% to 59.6%. This occurred by selectively promoting G2/M arrest and apoptosis related to CDK2 overactivation in OS cells but not in BMSC and was supported by significant CDK2 phosphorylation modifications. Knocking down of CRIF1 by siRNA treatment showed similar effects to the interface inhibitors. Together we substantiate the identification of novel lead molecules, which may provide a new treatment to overcome selectivity issues and enhance the radiosensitivity of tumor cells, opening a conceptually novel strategy of CDK-targeting for different cancer types.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Cell Cycle / drug effects
  • Cell Cycle / radiation effects
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / chemistry
  • Cell Cycle Proteins / metabolism*
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / chemistry
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 / metabolism*
  • Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor
  • Humans
  • Models, Molecular
  • Protein Binding / drug effects
  • Protein Conformation
  • Radiation-Sensitizing Agents / pharmacology*

Substances

  • Cell Cycle Proteins
  • GADD45GIP1 protein, human
  • Radiation-Sensitizing Agents
  • Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2