Objectives: To identify and summarize evidence on interventions to promote the adoption of shared decision-making (SDM) among health care professionals (HCPs) in clinical practice.
Methods: Electronic databases including: MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Cochrane library were searched to determine eligible peer-reviewed articles. Grey literature was searched for additional interventions. Eligibility screening and data extraction were independently completed. Results are presented as written evidence summaries and tables.
Results: Our search yielded 238 articles that met our inclusion criteria. Interventions mostly targeted physicians (46%), had multiple educational modalities (46%), and were administered in group settings (44%) before the clinical encounter (71%). Very few were developed based on the learning needs of targeted HCPs (24%). Many of the SDM outcome tools used for evaluation were developed for the respective study and lacked evidence of validity and reliability (30%).
Conclusion: We identified a sizable number of interventions to promote the adoption of SDM, however, these interventions were heterogeneous in their assessments for effectiveness and implementation. Therefore, it is a challenge to infer which strategies and practices are best to promote SDM adoption.
Practice implications: The need for evidence-based standards for developing SDM interventions targeting HCPs and assessing acceptability, effectiveness and implementation is suggested.
Keywords: Health care professionals; Interventions; Shared decision-making.
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