Measurement of the 43Sc production cross-section with a deuteron beam

Tommaso Stefano Carzaniga; Nicholas P van der Meulen; Roger Hasler; Christian Kottler; Peter Peier; Andreas Türler; Etienne Vermeulen; Christof Vockenhuber; Saverio Braccini

doi:10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.12.031

Measurement of the ⁴³Sc production cross-section with a deuteron beam

Appl Radiat Isot. 2019 Mar:145:205-208. doi: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.12.031. Epub 2018 Dec 30.

Authors

Tommaso Stefano Carzaniga¹, Nicholas P van der Meulen², Roger Hasler³, Christian Kottler⁴, Peter Peier⁴, Andreas Türler⁵, Etienne Vermeulen³, Christof Vockenhuber⁶, Saverio Braccini⁷

Affiliations

¹ Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
² Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Laboratory for Radiochemistry, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland; Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
³ Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Center for Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, CH-5232, Villigen, Switzerland.
⁴ Federal Institute of Metrology METAS, Lindenweg 50, CH-3003 Bern-Wabern, Switzerland.
⁵ Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (DCB), University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland.
⁶ ETH Zurich, Laboratory of Ion Beam Physics, CH-8093, Zurich, Switzerland.
⁷ Albert Einstein Center for Fundamental Physics (AEC), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland; Laboratory for High Energy Physics (LHEP), University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland. Electronic address: saverio.braccini@lhep.unibe.ch.

PMID: 30641434
DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.12.031

Abstract

^43,44Sc/⁴⁷Sc is one of the most promising theranostic pairs in nuclear medicine. The co-emission of 1157 keV γ-rays with 99.9% branching ratio by ⁴⁴Sc and the presence of its metastable state ^{44 m}Sc push to favour the adoption of ⁴³Sc for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) diagnostic procedures to lighten the dose to the patient and to the personnel. The β⁺ emitter ⁴³Sc can be produced at a medical cyclotron by proton bombardment of an enriched ⁴³Ca or ⁴⁶Ti oxide target. ⁴³Sc can be also produced by deuteron bombardment of an enriched ⁴²Ca oxide target. Only a few medical cyclotrons currently in operation offer deuteron beams. Some can be adapted to operate both a proton or a deuteron source. To compare these three production routes, an accurate knowledge of the cross-sections is essential. In this paper, we report on the cross-section measurement of the reaction ⁴²Ca(d,n)⁴³Sc performed at the 6 MV HVEC EN-Tandem of the Ion Beam Physics group at ETH in Zürich. A study of the production yield by using commercially available enriched target materials is also presented.

Keywords: Cross-section; Deuteron beams; PET radioisotopes; Positron Emission Tomography (PET); Scandium.

MeSH terms

Calcium Radioisotopes / chemistry
Cyclotrons
Deuterium
Humans
Isotope Labeling / methods*
Positron-Emission Tomography
Protons
Radioisotopes / isolation & purification*
Radiopharmaceuticals / isolation & purification
Scandium / isolation & purification*
Theranostic Nanomedicine

Substances

Calcium Radioisotopes
Calcium-42
Protons
Radioisotopes
Radiopharmaceuticals
Scandium-44
Deuterium
Scandium