Understanding grief reactions, thwarted belongingness, and suicide ideation in bereaved adolescents: Toward a unifying theory

J Clin Psychol. 2019 Apr;75(4):780-793. doi: 10.1002/jclp.22731. Epub 2019 Jan 12.

Abstract

Objective: Childhood bereavement is linked to suicide-related behaviors in adolescence and adulthood, but candidate mechanisms through which bereavement may lead to suicide-related behaviors have not been explored. One candidate pathway is that grief reaction arising from bereavement lead to increased perceived burdensomeness and/or thwarted belongingness, resulting in increased suicide ideation. This cross-sectional study of bereaved adolescents explored indirect effects between grief reactions as distal predictors, perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness as proximal predictors, and suicide ideation.

Method: Participants were 58 bereaved youth, 12-17 years of age (mean = 14.21, SD = 1.65; 81.0% female; 51.7% Hispanic, 17.2% African American, and 22.4% Caucasian), and their parents/guardians seeking services at a trauma and grief specialty outpatient clinic.

Results: The indirect effect of grief reactions on suicide ideation via thwarted belongingness, but not perceived burdensomeness, was statistically significant.

Conclusions: Clinicians may wish to consider signs of thwarted belongingness as possible indicators of suicide risk among bereaved youth.

Keywords: bereavement; grief; perceived burdensomeness; suicide ideation; thwarted belongingness.

Publication types

  • Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.

MeSH terms

  • Adolescent
  • Adolescent Behavior / psychology*
  • Bereavement*
  • Child
  • Female
  • Grief
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Psychological Theory
  • Psychological Trauma / psychology*
  • Risk Factors
  • Suicidal Ideation*