A series of post-crosslinked resins were synthesized from macroporous chloromethylated styrene-divinylbenzene copolymer by controlling post-crosslinked reaction conditions. Adsorption study towards aniline showed that the three resins, ST-DVB-WH5, ST-DVB-WH6, and ST-DVB-WH7, prepared at different temperatures, and which had nearly identical static adsorption capacity, displayed great disparity in kinetic behavior. The rate constant of ST-DVB-WH7 by the pseudo-first-order model was 1.50 and 1.19 times higher than that of ST-DVB-WH5 and ST-DVB-ST-DVB-WH6. Further analysis of the diffusion model showed that the three resins exhibited different diffusion rates due to the difference in oxygen content and pore structure of each resin. The results showed that the adsorption capacity was mainly decided by the pore volume within 1.14 and 3.42 nm and the adsorption rate was mainly decided by the oxygen content of the resin. In addition, as the best synthetic resin for aniline adsorption, the equilibrium adsorption capacity of ST-DVB-WH7 was 1.57 times and 1.44 times higher than that of H-103 and NKA-II, respectively.