Psychometric properties of a Japanese version of Composite Scale of Morningness

Yoshiko Kato; Róbert Urbán; Seiichi Saito; Keigo Yoshida; Michinori Kurokawa; Adrien Rigó

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01092

Psychometric properties of a Japanese version of Composite Scale of Morningness

Heliyon. 2019 Jan 4;5(1):e01092. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e01092. eCollection 2019 Jan.

Authors

Yoshiko Kato¹, Róbert Urbán², Seiichi Saito¹, Keigo Yoshida¹, Michinori Kurokawa³, Adrien Rigó²

Affiliations

¹ Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, Nada Tsurukabuto 3-11, 6578501, Kobe, Japan.
² Institute of Psychology, Eötvös Loránd University, Izabella u. 46, H-1064, Budapest, Hungary.
³ Faculty of Health and Nutrition Osaka Shoin Women's University, Hishiyanishi 4-2-26, 5778550, Higashi Osaka, Japan.

Abstract

This study aimed to assess the factor structure and validity of the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) in Japanese samples. A sample of 348 Japanese university students (196 men, 152 women) and 170 adults from the community (50 men, 120 women) completed a questionnaire including the CSM, the Diurnal Type Scale (DTS) and questions regarding sleeping and waking times. Four measurement models were compared, and a two-factor measurement model with Morningness/Time of day preference (α = 0.78) and Morning Affect/Alertness (α = 0.80) factors yielded the closest fit. Both Morningness/Time of day preference and Morning Affect/Alertness were positively correlated with DTS score. Morningness/Ttime of day preference was negatively correlated with the midpoint of sleep on weekdays and free days. The measurement model was invariant across the university and community groups. The community group, which was older, was characterized by greater morningness. The results provide evidence of the validity of the Japanese CSM, thus opening up the possibility of including Japanese samples in cross-cultural research on morningness.

Keywords: Psychology.