A simple and eco-friendly procedure of edge oxidation of high-surface area graphites, based on hydrogen peroxide treatments at 60 °C, is presented. Already, short-term treatments lead to O/C weight ratios higher than 0.1, leaving unaltered interlayer spacing and correlation length. This clearly indicates that all oxidized groups are located on exposed sites (mainly on lateral edges) of the graphitic layers. Short-term H2O2 treatments, as expected, increase hydrophilicity and reduce thermal stability with respect to the starting graphite. Long-term treatments, on the contrary, reduce hydrophilicity and increase thermal stability with respect to the starting graphite, mainly due to surface area reduction associated with the oxidation procedure. Exfoliation of a substantial fraction of the obtained edge-oxidized graphite can be achieved by simple procedures of dispersion and sonication in water.