Introduction: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is highly prevalent among Middle Eastern patients admitted with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or who undergo percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). This study used data from the First Jordanian PCI Registry (JoPCR1) to determine the short- and long-term outcomes in a subgroup of diabetic patients within a large PCI population.
Methods: JoPCR1, a prospective, multicenter study of consecutive patients who underwent PCI from January 2013 to February 2014, assessed the incidence of major cardiovascular events (cardiac mortality, stent thrombosis, major bleeding events and coronary revascularization) in diabetic compared with nondiabetic patients from the index hospitalization to 1 year of follow-up.
Results: Of 2426 patients enrolled, 1300 (53.6 %) were diabetics. Compared with nondiabetic patients, diabetic patients were older, more likely to be female and to have hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and chronic renal disease. Diabetic patients had higher prevalences of multivessel coronary artery disease and PCI than nondiabetic patients. Although both groups had similar proportions of patients undergoing PCI for ACS (76.3 vs. 78.4 %; p = 0.237), fewer diabetic patients had PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction than nondiabetics (27.5 vs. 33.7 %; p = 0.0002). Both groups had similar incidences of stent thrombosis (ST) during hospitalization (0.46 vs. 0.27 %; p = 0.665) and at 1 year (2.36 vs. 1.53 %; p = 0.196). Similarly, major bleeding events were not different between diabetic and nondiabetic patients during hospitalization (1.31 vs. 0.53 %; p = 0.077) and at 1 year (1.47 vs. 0.98 %; p = 0.377). Compared with nondiabetic patients, diabetic patients had a higher incidence of readmission for ACS and coronary revascularization at 1 year. Diabetic patients had higher incidences of cardiac mortality than nondiabetic patients during the index hospitalization (1.23 vs. 0.27 %; p = 0.015) and at 1 year (2.58 vs. 0.81 %; p = 0.002). In multivariate analysis, diabetic patients were four times more likely to die in the hospital compared to nondiabetic patients (odds ratio = 4.2; 95 % CI 1.2-14.8, p = 0.025).
Conclusions: Diabetic patients, who accounted for more than half of this Middle Eastern PCI population, had a higher risk of cardiac mortality, readmission for ACS and coronary revascularization at 1 year compared with nondiabetic patients.
Keywords: Cardiovascular outcomes; Diabetes mellitus; Middle Eastern patients; Percutaneous coronary intervention.