Nanoparticles having amphiphilic silane containing Chlorin e6 with strong anti-biofilm activity against periodontitis-related pathogens

Xiaolin Sun; Lin Wang; Christopher D Lynch; Xueke Sun; Xue Li; Manlin Qi; Cui Ma; Chunyan Li; Biao Dong; Yanmin Zhou; Hockin H K Xu

doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.011

Nanoparticles having amphiphilic silane containing Chlorin e6 with strong anti-biofilm activity against periodontitis-related pathogens

J Dent. 2019 Feb:81:70-84. doi: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.011. Epub 2018 Dec 26.

Authors

Xiaolin Sun¹, Lin Wang², Christopher D Lynch³, Xueke Sun⁴, Xue Li¹, Manlin Qi¹, Cui Ma⁵, Chunyan Li¹, Biao Dong⁶, Yanmin Zhou⁷, Hockin H K Xu⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
² Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. Electronic address: wanglin1982@jlu.edu.cn.
³ Restorative Dentistry, University Dental School and Hospital, University College Cork, Wilton, Cork, Ireland.
⁴ State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
⁵ Department of Pediatric Hematology, First Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China.
⁶ State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, College of Electronic Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China. Electronic address: dongb@jlu.edu.cn.
⁷ Department of Oral Implantology, School of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China. Electronic address: zhouym62@126.com.
⁸ Department of Advanced Oral Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Center for Stem Cell Biology & Regenerative Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA; Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.

PMID: 30593855
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2018.12.011

Abstract

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to: (1) develop the multifunctional nanoparticles containing Chlorin e6 (Ce6), Coumarin 6 (C6) and Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs); and (2) investigate the inhibitory effects of the nanoparticles via antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) against three species of periodontitis-related pathogens for the first time.

Materials and methods: Ce6 and C6 were co-loaded into the Fe₃O₄-silane core-shell structure to form multifunctional nanoparticles (denoted "Fe₃O₄-silane@Ce6/C6 MNPs"). The physical and chemical properties of nanoparticles were characterized. Biofilm properties of Streptococcus sanguinis, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum were tested. Colony-forming units (CFU), live/dead assay, and metabolic activity of biofilms were determined to evaluate the aPDT function mediated by the Fe₃O₄-silane@Ce6/C6 MNPs. Fluorescence imaging and the targeted antibacterial effects were also investigated.

Results: Fe₃O₄-silane@Ce6/C6 MNPs showed superparamagnetic properties, chemical stability and water-solubility, with no cytotoxicity. Fe₃O₄ NPs did not compromise the emission peaks of C6 and Ce6. The Fe₃O₄-silane@Ce6/C6-mediated aPDT had much greater reduction in biofilms than the control groups (p < 0.05). Biofilm CFU was reduced by about 4-5 orders of magnitude via Fe₃O₄-silane@Ce6/C6-mediated aPDT. The co-loading of Ce6 and C6 enabled the real-time aPDT monitoring by ratio emissions with the same wavelength. Fe₃O₄ with magnetic field enabled the targeting of infection sites by killing bacteria via magnetic field.

Conclusion: The multifunctional nanoparticles exerted strong anti-biofilm activity against periodontitis-related pathogens, with excellent biocompatibility, real-time monitoring, and magnetically-targeting capacities. The multifunctional nanoparticles have great potential in antibacterial applications to inhibit the occurrence and progression of periodontitis.

Keywords: Amphiphilic silane; Antibacterial; Magnetic targeting; Periodontitis; Photodynamic therapy; Photosensitizer.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Biofilms*
Chlorophyllides
Humans
Nanoparticles*
Periodontitis / microbiology*
Photochemotherapy
Porphyrins*
Silanes*

Substances

Chlorophyllides
Porphyrins
Silanes
phytochlorin