Palladium(II)-Initiated Catellani-Type Reactions

Abstract

The Catellani reaction is known as a powerful strategy for the expeditious synthesis of highly substituted arenes and benzo-fused rings, which are usually difficult to access through traditional cross-coupling strategies. It utilizes the synergistic interplay of palladium and norbornene catalysis to facilitate sequential ortho C-H functionalization and ipso termination of aryl halides in a single operation. In classical Catellani-type reactions, aryl halides are mainly used as the substrates, and a Pd⁰ catalyst is required to initiate the reaction. Nevertheless, recent advances showcase that Catellani-type reactions can also be initiated by a Pd^II catalyst with different starting materials instead of aryl halides via different reaction mechanisms and under different conditions. This emerging concept of Pd^II /norbornene cooperative catalysis has significantly advanced Catellani-type reactions, thus enabling future developments of this field. In this Minireview, Pd^II -initiated Catellani-type reactions and their application in the synthesis of bioactive molecules are summarized.

Keywords: Catellani reaction; C−H functionalization; cooperative catalysis; norbornene; palladium catalysis.