Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the safety and the efficacy of amifampridine phosphate in muscle-specific kinase antibody-positive myasthenia gravis, in a 1:1 randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, switchback, double crossover study.
Methods: Eligible patients had muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis, >18 years of age, and Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America class II-IV with a score of ⩾9 on Myasthenia Gravis Composite scale. After the run-in phase, during which amifampridine phosphate was titrated to a tolerable and effective dosage, patients were randomized to receive placebo-amifampridine-placebo sequence or amifampridine-placebo-amifampridine sequence daily for 7 days. Then, patients switched treatment arms twice, for a total of 21 days of double-blind treatment. Safety was determined by serial assessments of adverse events/serious adverse events, physical examinations, and clinical and laboratory tests. The co-primary outcome measures included changes from baseline of Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score and Myasthenia Gravis-specific Activities of Daily Living Profile score. The secondary outcome measures comprised changes from baseline of Myasthenia Gravis Composite score, Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life scale-15 questions, Fatigue Severity Scale, and Carlo Besta Neurological Institute-Myasthenia Gravis scale. Statistical analyses were assessed using a switchback model for three-period, two-treatment crossover design.
Results: A total of 10 patients were screened, enrolled, and treated. Transient paresthesias (60%) were the only amifampridine phosphate-related adverse events reported. Four patients were randomized to receive placebo-amifampridine-placebo sequence and three patients to receive amifampridine-placebo-amifampridine sequence. The co-primary objectives were statistically met (Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis score: p = 0.0003 and Myasthenia Gravis-specific Activities of Daily Living Profile score: p = 0.0006), as well as all the secondary endpoints (Myasthenia Gravis Composite score: p < 0.0001, Myasthenia Gravis Quality of Life scale-15 questions: p = 0.0025, Fatigue Severity Scale: p = 0.0061, and Carlo Besta Neurological Institute-Myasthenia Gravis scale: p = 0.0014).
Conclusion: Despite the low number of patients, MuSK-001 study provided evidence that amifampridine phosphate, in the range of 30-60 mg daily dose, was safe and effective in treating muscle-specific kinase myasthenia gravis, suggesting the need for a large multi-center trial to confirm these results.
Keywords: MuSK; Myasthenia gravis; amifampridine; randomized clinical trial.