Objective: To investigate the influence of demographic and clinical characteristics, stress, and coping style on disease self-management in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was performed to select 149 children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (aged 8-20 years). Related data were collected using the questionnaires and scales on general information, diabetes self-management, perceived stress, and coping style.
Results: Of the 149 children and adolescents, 37(24.8%) had high stress. Compared with the school-aged children, the adolescents had higher stress level and were more likely to present with negative coping style (P<0.05). The multiple linear regression analysis showed that the children whose mothers had an educational level at or above senior high school, who had a low stress level, and who adopted positive coping measures had a higher level of diabetes self-management (P<0.05).
Conclusions: Nearly a quarter of the children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes have a high stress level. When delivering the education on diabetes self-management to children and adolescents, healthcare workers should focus on the families whose mothers have an educational level at or below junior high school. Strategies should aim at reducing stress by encouraging positive coping styles.
目的: 探讨人口学、疾病相关特征、压力、应对方式对儿童青少年1型糖尿病患儿疾病自我管理水平的影响。
方法: 采用横断面调查研究设计，纳入149名儿童青少年1型糖尿病患儿（8~20岁）。采用一般资料收集表、儿童青少年1型糖尿病自我管理量表、压力知觉量表、青少年应对方式量表进行调查。
结果: 149例患儿中，37例（24.8%）患儿处于高压力水平。与学龄期患儿相比，青春期患儿压力水平更高，且更多地采用消极应对方式（P < 0.05）。多元线性回归分析结果显示，母亲教育水平为高中及以上患儿以及低压力水平、面对压力采取积极应对的患儿，其糖尿病自我管理水平较高（P < 0.05）。
结论: 近四分之一的儿童青少年1型糖尿病患儿处于高压力水平。医护人员在对儿童青少年患儿进行糖尿病自我管理教育时，重点人群应放在母亲教育水平为初中及以下水平的家庭；策略方面，应以减压为目标，引导患儿更多地采取积极应对方式缓解压力。