Validation of epigenetic mechanisms regulating gene expression in canine B-cell lymphoma: An in vitro and in vivo approach

PLoS One. 2018 Dec 11;13(12):e0208709. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208709. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Despite canine B-cell Lymphoma (BCL) representing the most common haematological tumour, epigenetic events driving development and progression are scarcely known. Recently, canine Diffuse Large BCL (DLBCL) DNA methylome by genome-wide CpG microarray has identified genes and pathways associated to pathogenesis. To validate data previously obtained by array analysis, the CLBL-1 cell line was used and the HOXD10, FGFR2, ITIH5 and RASAL3 genes were selected. CLBL-1 cells were treated with two hypomethylating drugs (HDs; IC50, 50% inhibitory concentration), i.e. azacytidine and decitabine (DEC), either alone or in combination with three histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACis; IC20), i.e. valproic acid, trichostatin and vorinostat. Following the incubation with both HDs, an overall decrease of promoter methylation was highlighted, thus confirming target genes hypermethylation. The highest mRNA restoration was observed following the exposure to HDs combined with HDACis, and mostly with valproic acid. Contrasting results were only obtained for RASAL3. An in vivo confirmation was finally attempted treating Nod-Scid mice engrafted with CLBL-1 cells with DEC. Although DEC did not arrest tumour growth, target genes promoter methylation was significantly reduced in DEC-treated mice vs controls. Overall, this work demonstrates that CLBL-1 cell line represents a reliable in vitro model to validate the methylation-dependent silencing of key genes for BCL; moreover, it may be useful for xenograft models in mice, despite its aggressive behaviour. In future, functional studies will be performed to deepen the role of selected genes on BCL pathogenesis and progression, and their methylation-dependent mechanism of regulation.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Dog Diseases / genetics
  • Dog Diseases / metabolism*
  • Dogs
  • Epigenesis, Genetic* / drug effects
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / drug effects
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic / physiology
  • Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors / pharmacology
  • Lymph Nodes
  • Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / genetics
  • Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / metabolism
  • Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse / veterinary*
  • Promoter Regions, Genetic
  • RNA, Messenger / metabolism

Substances

  • Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors
  • RNA, Messenger

Grants and funding

This project was funded by grants from Ministero dell’Istruzione, dell’Università e della Ricerca (MIUR) to LA, MG (RBSI14EDX9: An Integrative Analysis of Methylome and Transcriptome in Canine Diffuse Large B-cell Lymphoma).