Bronchiectasis is characterised by chronic cough, airway inflammation, infection and bronchial dilatation. The disease may lead to impaired lung function and premature death. An underlying inflammatory disease or immunodeficiency may be present, but 40% of the cases are idiopathic. The diagnosis is based on high-resolution CT scan. Treatment is aimed at reducing symptoms and risk of exacerbations, and includes antibiotics, bronchodilators and pulmonary rehabilitation. Assessment of disease severity and individual phenotypes may help to modify treatment strategies in the future.