Pharmacology of medications used for ovarian stimulation

Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Feb;33(1):21-33. doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2018.10.002. Epub 2018 Nov 12.

Abstract

Medications to stimulate the ovaries may be used to induce ovulation in patients with anovulatory infertility or to hyperstimulate the ovaries in a controlled fashion in ovulatory patients as part of assisted reproductive treatments (ART). The pharmacology of all current major medications used to stimulate ovarian function is reviewed in this article, including letrozole, clomiphene citrate, gonadotropins, and pulsatile gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH). Novel potential compounds and adjuvant treatment approaches are also discussed, such as kisspeptin agonists and androgens.

Keywords: aromatase inhibitors; assisted reproductive technologies (ART); controlled ovarian stimulation; gonadotropins; ovulation induction; selective estrogen receptor modulators.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Clomiphene / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Fertility Agents, Female / classification
  • Fertility Agents, Female / therapeutic use*
  • Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone / therapeutic use
  • Gonadotropins / therapeutic use
  • Humans
  • Infertility, Female / complications
  • Infertility, Female / drug therapy
  • Letrozole / therapeutic use
  • Ovulation / drug effects
  • Ovulation / physiology
  • Ovulation Induction / adverse effects
  • Ovulation Induction / methods*
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / complications
  • Polycystic Ovary Syndrome / drug therapy
  • Pregnancy

Substances

  • Fertility Agents, Female
  • Gonadotropins
  • Clomiphene
  • Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone
  • Letrozole