Background: China has recently made efforts to integrate urban and rural basic medical insurance systems in order to ensure both urban and rural enrollees obtain unified benefits. However, whether the distribution of government healthcare subsides has become more equitable remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to analyze determinants of and inequality in net inpatient care benefits under the integration of urban-rural medical insurance systems in China.
Methods: Data were obtained from a nationally representative household survey, the Fifth National Health Services Survey (2013), conducted in Anhui province. A multiple regression model and concentration index (CI) was used to estimate related factors and inequality of inpatient care net benefits.
Results: Findings indicated that individuals received more inpatient care benefits when urban and rural social healthcare systems were integrated. Factors associated with net benefits included gender, age, marital status, retirement, educational level, history of chronic diseases, health status, willingness to seek inpatient care and per capita income. The rich were found to disproportionately benefit from inpatient care, and the CI of net benefits for integrated insurance enrollees was the lowest among all three available health insurance schemes. These findings indicate that the recent unification of urban-rural social health insurances reduces inequality in net benefits from government subsidies. Some socioeconomic factors, such as per capita income, 60 years of age and over, history of chronic disease and high educational level positively influence inequality.
Conclusion: In China, accelerating the integration of urban and rural medical insurance systems is an effective way to increase equity of benefit in urban and rural areas. Strategies aimed at reducing inpatient benefit inequality must address socioeconomic factors influencing healthcare outcomes.
Keywords: Benefit distribution; Concentration index; Health insurance system; Inequality.