In the land navigation field, a laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV), which is able to measure the speed of a carrier, can be combined with a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) to form an integrated navigation system. To realize the integrated navigation positioning of a free motion carrier on the ground accurately, this paper introduces a split-reuse three-dimensional (3D) LDV. For the error parameters during application, a Kalman filtering calibration method with the assistance of a differential global positioning system (DGPS) is put forward in this paper. Two groups of integrated navigation experiments are designed to validate the effectiveness of this method and the universality of the obtained parameters. The experimental results show that the calibration method proposed in this paper is effective and the 3D LDV after compensation can greatly improve the positioning accuracy of the integrated navigation. The maximum horizontal position errors of the two experiments calculated by the dead reckoning of the 3D LDV and the gyroscopes are 4.2 m and 2.9 m, and the maximum altitude errors are 0.8 m and 0.9 m, respectively.