Trauma exposure and post-traumatic stress disorder in people with intellectual disabilities: A Delphi expert rating

J Appl Res Intellect Disabil. 2019 May;32(3):558-567. doi: 10.1111/jar.12549. Epub 2018 Nov 19.

Abstract

Background: There is a lack of research on trauma in people with intellectual disabilities. This study assessed expert consensus on the traumatic potential of a broader range of adverse life events, and differences in symptom manifestation and behavioural symptom equivalents of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms.

Method: The present authors conducted a three-step Delphi survey using a mixed-methods design. Twenty-nine expert raters participated in the survey, and 16 persisted to the final round. Consensus was calculated using the interquartile range.

Results: Traumatic potential was attributed to adverse life events, particularly revolving around sexuality and autonomy. DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD were rated as partially adequate, with behavioural symptom expression being the main difference to the general population.

Conclusion: The range of traumatic events should be broadened for people with intellectual disabilities. A specific subset of events need to be defined in future research. Detection of PTSD depends upon determining specific symptom correlates of challenging behaviour.

Keywords: Delphi survey; Post-traumatic Stress Disorder; intellectual disabilities; life events; trauma.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Delphi Technique*
  • Humans
  • Intellectual Disability* / psychology
  • Life Change Events*
  • Psychological Trauma* / physiopathology
  • Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic* / physiopathology