In a case-control study within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California adult population, prior head or spine surgery was associated with increased Streptococcus pneumoniae meningitis outside of the postoperative period (no prior head or spine surgery; odds ratio, 6.0 [95% confidence interval, 1.9-18.6]). Among the cases, only 33.3% had received any prior pneumococcal vaccinations.
Keywords: Streptococcus pneumoniae; meningitis; neurosurgery; spine surgery; vaccines.
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