Chemical composition, antioxidant and gastrointestinal properties of Sedum dendroideum Moc & Sessé ex DC leaves tea infusion

Abstract

Ethnopharmacological relevance: Sedum dendroideum Moc & Sessé ex DC (Crassulaceae) is a medicinal plant employed in Mexican and Brasilian folk medicine as juice or infusion, as remedy for the treatment of different diseases, including gastric disorders.

Aim of the study: Although some studies carried out with Sedum dendroideum have demonstrated its gastroprotective effect, the purpose of this study was to elucidate the chemical constituents, antioxidant, cytotoxic and mechanisms underlying the gastrointestinal properties of Sedum dendroideum accordingly its traditional use, as fresh leaves tea infusion (SDI).

Materials and methods: Chemical constituents were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS). Antioxidant and cytotoxicity were evaluated in in vitro assays. The efficacy of the SDI on macroscopic ulcer appearance, mucus and GSH maintenance on ethanol- and indomethacin-induced ulcer models, gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal motility were investigated.

Results: Phytochemical analysis by HPLC-MS revealed the presence of different flavonol glycosides, containing myricetin and quercetin, along with the kaempferol as aglycones. In vitro pharmacological investigation of SDI demonstrated potent antioxidant activity in DPPH assay (IC50: 13.25 ± 3.37 µg/mL) and absence of cytotoxicity in Caco-2 cells by MTT method. Oral administration of SDI (ED₅₀ of 191.00 ± 0.08 mg/kg) in rats promoted gastroprotection against ethanol or indomethacin in rats through reinforcement of gastric wall mucus, GSH content and nitric oxide release, without present antisecretory properties. The gastroprotective effect was maintained when SDI (19 mg/kg) was administrated by intraperitoneal route. Furthermore, SDI (150 mg/kg) unchanged the gastric emptying but increase small bowel transit in mice through cholinergic pathways.

Conclusions: Collectively, this study confirmed that Sedum dendroideum promotes gastroprotection through preventing of endogenous defense mechanisms, represented by mucus and GSH without changes gastric acid secretion. Sedum dendroideum tea infusion features a chemical profile that contributes to the antioxidant and gastric health-promoting effects, supporting the use in folk medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.

Keywords: Antioxidant; Antiulcer activity; Bálsamo; Chemical constituents; Crassulaceae; Gastrointestinal motility; LC-MS/MS.