Experts require long-term and intense practice to acquire extraordinary motor skills that be known as the brain function regulator. However, the brain function network mechanism of rifle shooters is still unclear. The generalized orthogonalized partial directed coherence (gOPDC) algorithm and local efficiency significance analysis method (LESA) was applied to quantify the difference in directed functional networks between expert and novice rifle shooters during the pre-shot period. The more directed functional connections were observed in alpha and low-beta frequency bands as compared to other bands. Moreover, comparing with the novice's fluctuant connection, the values of connection (P3→C3) strength were increasing steadily in the experts during the pre-shot period. Fewer connections in left hemisphere networks were obtained in the experts than in the novices. The results validated the "neural efficiency" hypothesis in experts. Moreover, the strength of the functional connection (P3→C3) in the alpha and beta bands serves as a distinguishing feature between experts and novices.
Keywords: causality; directed functional connectivity: EEG; rifle shooting.