Typical numerosity adaptation despite selectively impaired number acuity in dyscalculia

Abstract

It has been suggested that a core deficit of the "number sense" may underlie dyscalculia. We test this idea by measuring perceptual adaptation and discrimination thresholds for numerosity and object size in a group of dyscalculic and typical preadolescents (N = 71, mean age 12). We confirmed that numerosity discrimination thresholds are higher in developmental dyscalculia, while size thresholds are not affected. However, dyscalculics adapted to numerosity in a similar way to typicals. This suggests that although numerosity thresholds are selectively higher in dyscalculia, the mechanisms for perceiving numerosity are otherwise similar, suggesting that have a similar, but perhaps noisier, number sense.

Keywords: Approximate Number System; Dyscalculia; Numerical cognition; Numerosity adaptation; Numerosity perception.