Traditional egress routes are normally indicated on floor plans and function as designed, assuming that people can identify their relative location and orientation. However, the evacuation process can easily become complicated in a dark or hazardous environment with potential blockage of unexpected obstacles. This study developed the mobile AR indoor navigation system (MARINS) using a smartphone as a device to guide users to exits in a 0-lux setting with the path only illuminated by the phone camera's LED. The system is developed using Apple ARKit SDK with the associated simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) function on a Unity platform in four modules. A maze scenario is planned in an environment built by carton walls. Time and distance traveled by the experimental group and the control group are measured. The results of statistical analysis demonstrate that the MARINS system can reduce travel time in known space and in total summation compared to the application of a traditional map. The system also reduces travel distance and misjudgments with higher system usability than the application of a traditional map.
Keywords: Navigation; augmented reality; dark environment; mobile; pathfinding.