New phenolic halogenated disinfection byproducts in simulated chlorinated drinking water: Identification, decomposition, and control by ozone-activated carbon treatment

Yan Huang; Huan Li; Qing Zhou; Aimin Li; Chendong Shuang; Qiming Xian; Bin Xu; Yang Pan

doi:10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.031

New phenolic halogenated disinfection byproducts in simulated chlorinated drinking water: Identification, decomposition, and control by ozone-activated carbon treatment

Water Res. 2018 Dec 1:146:298-306. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.031. Epub 2018 Sep 26.

Authors

Yan Huang¹, Huan Li¹, Qing Zhou¹, Aimin Li¹, Chendong Shuang¹, Qiming Xian¹, Bin Xu², Yang Pan³

Affiliations

¹ State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
² State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
³ State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China. Electronic address: panyang@nju.edu.cn.

PMID: 30292954
DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2018.09.031

Abstract

Recently, 13 new phenolic halogenated disinfection byproducts (DBPs) were discovered and confirmed in chlorinated drinking water using ultra performance liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-tqMS), which have been attracting a growing concern due to their higher chronic cytotoxicity, developmental toxicity, and growth inhibition compared with commonly known aliphatic DBPs. In this study, another 12 new phenolic halogenated DBPs were detected and identified in simulated chlorinated drinking water samples, including two monohalo-4-hydroxybenzaldehydes, two monohalo-4-hydroxybenzoic acids, three monohalo-salicylic acids, and five mono/di/trihalo-phenols. Decomposition mechanisms of these new phenolic halogenated DBPs during chlorination were speculated and partially verified by identifying intermediate products. These new DBPs could undergo hydrolysis, halogenation, substitution, addition, decarboxylation, and rearrangement reactions to form a series of decomposition products, including dihaloacetic acids, 2-halomaleic acids, and a group of new heterocyclic DBPs (trihalo-hydroxy-cyclopentene-diones). A bench-scale ozone-granular activated carbon (GAC) treatment unit was designed and set up in the lab. It was found that ozonation and GAC filtration were effective in reducing dissolved organic carbon levels and aromaticity (DBP precursors) of simulated raw water samples, and thus were effective in decreasing the concentrations of these new phenolic DBPs by 82.5% and 88.6%, respectively. Furthermore, four different treatment scenarios (i.e., ozonation, GAC filtration, ozonation followed by GAC filtration, and GAC filtration followed by ozonation) were evaluated and compared. Results showed that ozonation followed by GAC filtration was most effective in precursor removal and could decrease the level of these new phenolic DBPs by up to 97.3%.

Keywords: Decomposition; Drinking water; Identification; Ozone-granular activated carbon treatment; Phenolic halogenated disinfection byproducts.

Publication types

Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Charcoal
Disinfection
Drinking Water*
Halogenation
Ozone*
Phenols
Water Pollutants, Chemical*
Water Purification*

Substances

Drinking Water
Phenols
Water Pollutants, Chemical
Charcoal
Ozone