Diabetic ketoalkalosis: misnomer or undiagnosed variant of diabetic ketoacidosis

BMJ Case Rep. 2018 Oct 2:2018:bcr2018226092. doi: 10.1136/bcr-2018-226092.

Abstract

Usually, hyperglycaemia crisis presents with acidotic pH, but ketoalkalosis is a rare and unheard entity presenting in diabetic ketoacidosis. We describe three unique cases where the patients present with hyperglycaemia >250 mg/dL, normal or alkalotic pH, and bicarbonate >20 meq/L, which does not meet criteria for diabetic ketoacidosis. However, once these patients were supplemented with intravenous fluids, diagnosis of diabetic ketoacidosis was evident in laboratory analysis. These case series provide a learning opportunity in diagnosing and management of this rare phenomenon.

Keywords: adult intensive care; diabetes; fluid electrolyte and acid-base disturbances; metabolic disorders.

Publication types

  • Case Reports

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Alkalosis / blood
  • Alkalosis / complications
  • Alkalosis / therapy
  • Bicarbonates / blood
  • Blood Gas Analysis / methods*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / blood*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / complications*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 / therapy
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis / blood*
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis / complications
  • Diabetic Ketoacidosis / therapy
  • Diagnosis, Differential
  • Electrolytes / therapeutic use
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hyperglycemia / blood
  • Hyperglycemia / complications
  • Hyperglycemia / therapy
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Insulin / therapeutic use
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Saline Solution / therapeutic use
  • Treatment Outcome
  • Young Adult

Substances

  • Bicarbonates
  • Electrolytes
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Insulin
  • Saline Solution